Twitter Hate Speech Detection: A Systematic Review of Methods, Taxonomy Analysis, Challenges, and Opportunities

Hate speech detection has substantially increased interest among researchers in the domain of natural language processing (NLP) and text mining. The number of studies on this topic has been growing dramatically. Thus, the purpose of this analysis is to develop a resource that consists of an outline of the approaches, methods, and techniques employed to address the issue of Twitter hate speech. This study can be used to aid researchers in the development of a more effective model for future studies. This review focused on studies published over the past eight years, i.e., from 2015 to 2022. This systematic search was carried out in December 2020 and updated in July 2022. Ninety-one articles published within the mentioned period met the set criteria and were selected for this review. From the evaluation of these works, it is clear that a perfect solution has yet to be found. To conclude, this paper focused on presenting an in-depth understanding of current perspectives and highlighted research opportunities to boost the quality of hate speech detection systems. In turn, this helps social networking services that seek to detect hate messages generated by users before they are posted, thus reducing the risk of targeted harassment.