Visualization and Visual Knowledge Discovery from Big Uncertain Data

In the current uncertain world, data are kept growing bigger. Big data refer to the data flow of huge volume, high velocity, wide variety, and different levels of veracity (e.g., precise data, imprecise/uncertain data). Embedded in these big data are implicit, previously unknown, but valuable information and knowledge. With huge volumes of information and knowledge that can be discovered by techniques like data mining, a challenge is to validate and visualize the data mining results. To validate data for better data aggregation in estimation and prediction and for establishing trustworthy artificial intelligence, the synergy of visualization models and data mining strategies are needed. Hence, in this paper, we present a solution for visualization and visual knowledge discovery from big uncertain data. Our solution aims to discover knowledge in the form of frequently co-occurring patterns from big uncertain data and visualize the discovered knowledge. In particular, the solution shows the upper and lower bounds on frequency of these patterns. Evaluation with real-life Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) data demonstrates the effectiveness and practicality of our solution in visualization and visual knowledge discovery from big health informatics data collected from the current uncertain world.