From Conceptualization of Hybrid Modelling & Simulation to Empirical Studies in Hybrid Modelling

The combined application of simulation techniques is referred to as Hybrid Simulation (HS). The primary focus of HS is on the integrative application of techniques developed within the M&S field for better representation of the system under scrutiny. In contrast, Hybrid Modelling (HM) focuses on cross-cutting hybrid models that combine theories, frameworks, techniques and established research approaches that have been tried and tested and have existed as extant knowledge within academic disciplines such as Computing Science, Operations Research and Social Sciences. In previous work, the authors present a conceptual framework and classification of HS and HM. However, the translation of this framework toward developing HM models can be challenging. To address this gap, we discuss five empirical HM studies conducted by the authors and map them to the existing classification. The paper will serve as a reference point for developing HM studies that extend the theory and practice of M&S.