Preparation and Characterization of Iron Oxide–Silica Composite Particles Using Mesoporous SBA-15 Silica as Template and Their Internalization Into Mesenchymal Stem Cell and Human Bone Cell Lines

A new procedure for preparing iron oxide-silica nanocomposite particles using SBA-15 mesoporous silica as a template is described. These composite materials retained the 2-D hexagonal structure of the SBA-15 template. Transmission electron micrograms of the particles depicted the formation of iron oxide nanocrystals inside the mesochannels of SBA-15 silica framework. Powder x-ray diffraction showed that the iron oxide core of the composite particles consists of a mixture of maghemite ( γ-Fe
₂
O
₃
) and heamatite ( α-Fe
₂
O
₃
), which is the predominant component. Superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometry studies showed that these iron oxide-silica composite materials exhibit superparamagnetic properties. On increasing the iron oxide content, the composite particles exhibited a stronger response to magnetic fields but a less homogeneous core, with some large iron oxide particles which were thought to be formed outside the mesochannels of the SBA-15 template. Internalization of these particles into human cell lines (mesenchymal stem cells and human bone cells), which indicates their potential in medicine and biotechnology, is also discussed.