On controlling perturbation due to repeaters during quadratic placement

Recent studies have shown that scaling causes the number of repeaters to grow rapidly. The author demonstrates that this growth leads to massive placement perturbations that break the convergence of today's interleaved placement and repeater-insertion flows. The author then presents two new force models for repeaters targeted towards quadratic placement algorithms. Finally, experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the repeater modeling technique in preserving placement convergence (often accompanied by wire-length improvement) at the 45- and 32-nm technology nodes