Impedance of patch antenna for active antenna's structures

The paper describes a method for varying the impedance of patch antennas. With this method, both the phase and magnitude of the impedance can be varied in a wide range of different values. This gives us the possibility of integrating an antenna with a variety of different active microwave semiconductors. First we describe the method and its characteristics, such as the values of patch impedance which can be attained, and then we demonstrate an application of the method in the case of a patch antenna integrated with a low noise amplifier (LNA) in a receiver.