Design synthesis of patch antennas with direct feed, broadband L-probe and bandwidth controlled T-square feeds

The article presents the design synthesis of patch antennas with direct feed, L-probe feed, and T-square feeds. The experience and insights gained from the physics of the EM has been used to innovate new designs of the existing devices. The results of the design were conceptualized by interpreting the results gained in (a) patch of thin substrate with a direct feed, (b) patch with a thick substrate of foam with an L-probe feed, and a (c) patch with a dielectric substrate of moderate thickness with a T-square probe.