Integration of SiP-Based 60-GHz 4 $\,\times\,$4 Antenna Array With CMOS OOK Transmitter and LNA

An integrated system-in-package-based 60-GHz 4
$\,\times\,$
4 antenna array with CMOS on–off keying (OOK) transmitter and low-noise amplifier (LNA) is investigated. The 4
$\,\times\,$
4 circular polarized array exhibits a wide impedance bandwidth
$({\rm VSWR}< 2)$
and 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth of over 8 GHz using a strip line sequential rotation feeding scheme. It has a beam-shaped pattern with a 3-dB beamwidth of 20
$^{\circ}$
and a peak gain of 16.8 dBi. The modulators in 90-nm CMOS includes 60-GHz oscillators and switchable amplifiers to achieve the OOK modulation. The key features of the circuits are small power consumption and size. By applying a bond wire compensation scheme, the LNA and 60-GHz CMOS modulator are successfully integrated into the low-temperature co-fired ceramic package with 2-mil 500-
$\mu{\hbox {m}}$
-long bond wires. The measurement results for the antenna array with LNA shows a peak gain of
$\sim {\hbox{35 dBi}}$
. The 60-GHz CMOS modulator is tested at a data rate of 2 Gb/s and the bit-error performance of the system is also demonstrated. The energy usage of 60-GHz modulator at 2 Gb/s is only 13.2 pJ/bit for the modulator.