Air-to-undersea communication with electric dipoles

A brief discussion of the ranges of various parameters involved in air-to-undersea communication at 10 to
10^{5}
cps is followed by a solution of Sommerfeld's integrals for the
\bar{\pi}
components in the two media, the solution being valid for the quasi-near range subject to certain mild restrictions. This is accomplished by defining two auxiliary integrals, asymptotic series expansions for which are obtained by extending the work of Baños and Wesley. The solution for
\bar{\pi}
leads to the derivation of electromagnetic-field components. It is found that, from field-strength considerations alone, the best scheme for two-way communication consists of a vertical electrical dipole in air with a horizontal electric dipole in the sea. Simple calculations for estimating the satisfactory communication range are included.