An investigation into the use of a keypad-isomorphic symbolism as a method to increase the speed of human-computer interaction

This paper introduces a new human-computer interface concept based on the use of keypad-isomorphic symbols. These symbols form the basis of a methodology, referred to as "binagraphics," that is designed to significantly reduce the time required for humans to enter discrete commands to the computer. Additionally, this symbol-based methodology enables a particular one-handed six-degree-of-freedom (6DOF) control device to be used for object and viewpoint manipulations in virtual 3-dimensional space. In total, the symbols of the methodology can be thought of as the isomorphisms of all keyswitch combinational input possibilities of the standardized telephone numeric keypad. The symbols, as well as the keypad combinations, are combinations of binary elements. The binary symbols of the methodology will be called "binagrams" for convenience, and they are displayed on the computer display to provide a one-to-one mapping between human control space and computer display space. The keypad of the control device is not used in the conventional manner; rather, it is positioned upright and operated from reverse.