Real-Time Estimation of Distance Traveled by Cart Using Smartphones

In this letter, we propose a new method for the real-time estimation of distance traveled based on double integral of acceleration. In smartphone pedestrian dead reckoning systems, locomotion models have been widely applied to estimate the traveled distance. However, for the cart movement, these models cannot be used. In this letter, a direct double integration-based method using a smartphone is presented for the estimation of cart movement. The experimental results show the proposed method outperforms other referenced methods in terms of efficiency.