A 5 Gb/s 3.2 mW/Gb/s 28 dB loss-compensating pulse-width modulated voltage-mode transmitter

A voltage mode transmitter employs pulse width modulation (PWM) based equalization of NRZ input data at 5 Gb/s and compensates 28 dB channel loss at 2.5 GHz. Fabricated in a 90 nm CMOS process, the proposed transmitter achieves a horizontal eye opening of 0.3UI with BER<; 10
^-12
and consumes only 16 mW power of which 2.5 mW is consumed by the digital PLL.