AFEC: A method of aggregating forwarding equivalence classes based on overlapped paths

The traditional IP routing protocols transfer traffic only according to destination, which is not fine-grained enough to satisfy the significant demands of quality-of-service (QoS) and traffic engineering, so fine-grained flow control techniques, such as Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) [1], emerge. MPLS is the most widely used technique to do fine-grained flow control.