Free-p: A Practical End-to-End Nonvolatile Memory Protection Mechanism

Free-p-fine-grained remapping with error checking and correcting (ECC) and embedded pointers-remaps worn-out nonvolatile RAM (NVRAM) blocks at a fine granularity without requiring large dedicated storage and protects NVRAM against both hard and soft errors. Furthermore, Free-p can be implemented purely in the memory controller, avoiding custom NVRAM devices.