Science and Technology Policy

The system of promoting science and technology (S&T) policy in Japan and the strategy for nanotechnology are described in this article. The prioritized promotion area in nanotechnology along with the budget trends during the third S&T basic plan [fiscal year (FY) 2006–2010] are also addressed. The important nanotechnology research centers and networks in nanotechnology are described. Furthermore, the importance of nanotechnology in Japan is explained with a new funding program for next-generation leading researchers. Finally, a significant change of R&D strategy from the third to the fourth S&T basic plans (2011–2015) is shown, and the positioning of nanotechnology is briefly introduced.