Set-membership constrained conjugate gradient adaptive filtering algorithm and its application to beamforming

We introduce a new linearly constrained minimum variance (LCMV) beamformer that combines the set-membership (SM) technique with the conjugate gradient (CG) method, and develop a low-complexity adaptive filtering algorithm for beamforming. The proposed algorithm utilizes a CG-based vector and a variable forgetting factor to perform the data-selective updates that are controlled by a time-varying bound related to the parameters. For the update, the CG-based vector is calculated iteratively (one iteration per update) to obtain the filter parameters and to avoid the matrix inversion. The resulting iterations construct a space of feasible solutions that satisfy the constraints of the LCMV optimization problem. The proposed algorithm reduces the computational complexity significantly and shows an enhanced convergence and tracking performance over existing algorithms.