Two-party and three-party remote user authentication schemes using biometric data only for emergency

Passwords and smart cards have been widely utilized to remotely authenticate users for system security and users' convenience. However, it is not always safe or convenient for users to type in their passwords or carrying their personal cards. In such circumstances, pressing one's fingerprint instead of typing passwords and carrying personal smart cards is much more convenient, safer and more practical. In this paper, we show these circumstances, and then propose two fingerprint-based remote authentication schemes: one is for the 2-party case, and the other is for the 3-party case.