Green 4G communications: Renewable-energy-based architectures and protocols

In this paper, we propose a number of renewable-energy wireless structures and protocols for cellular, mesh, and sensor networks based on the Renewable-Energy-based Wireless ARchitectures Designs (REWARD) approach. Such green technologies may enable a variety of new applications utilizing wireless technologies and the Internet in such remote areas. Examples include bolder control, disaster rescue, climber safety, military applications, as well as civil applications waiting to be invented and to generate tremendous commercial and social values.