Multiple-input-multiple-output coherent time reversal communications in a shallow-water acoustic channel

A recent time reversal (TR) experiment demonstrated that multiple foci can be projected from an array of sources to the same range but at different depths. This multiple input/multiple output process can potentially increase the information data rate. This paper presents experimental results of coherent TR communications (binary phase-shift keying, quaternary phase-shift keying, and 8-quadratic-amplitude modulation) at 3.5 kHz with a 1-kHz bandwidth where different messages were sent simultaneously to either two or three different depths at an 8.6-km range in a 105-m-deep water