RPM-SMA-based modeling of photovoltaic panels as energy sources in renewable energy systems

This paper describes the inclusion of a photovoltaic panel or PV array in the simulation of power systems that use renewable energy sources. It appears as a part of the PV array-inverter assembly that uses the inverter to perform DC to AC energy conversion. In an isolated operation, the inverter dictates the frequency and regulates the output voltage of the system. In addition, it balances the power in the systems. In systems with diesel generators, the PV array-inverter assembly is used as a preprogrammed power source and operates in the slave mode. Simulation case studies for both modes of operation are presented. In addition, we discuss the simulation of a power system, in which the master function can be switched between the diesel generator and the PV array-inverter assembly.