Grounding practices-a system-wide, systematic approach

This paper provides the framework to establish a coordinated grounding and bonding design plan. It also sets guidelines on how to apply the IEEE "Green" and "Emerald" books, as well as other standards, to implement an effective grounding and bonding plan. Various systems encountered in a plant environment, and the grounding needs of the systems, are described. High-frequency grounding techniques, as applicable to lightning protection and electronic systems, are recommended to minimize erratic system operation. All grounding systems need to be conductivity bonded together to avoid system problems. All grounding and conductive paths need to be engineered and considered as part of the ground system design.