Ultra compact DC-DC converters for the digital age

Needs for high efficiency and high power density DC-DC converters to support energy-efficient and reliable digital systems are discussed. DC-DC converters with a power density of about 100 W/in/sup 3/ and efficiency greater than 90% at 100 W/3.3 V and 1.5 V outputs are reported. Key technologies in the areas of integrated magnetics, circuit topology, packaging and thermal management that have enabled this performance are also described. Finally, new component, circuit and packaging technologies necessary for achieving 500 W/in/sup 3/ power density for future low-voltage, high-current DC-DC converters are discussed.