An Overview of Reliability and Power Quality of Distribution Network due to Penetration of Rooftop Photovoltaic System and Plug-in Electric Vehicle

The quality of electricity supply is determined by three main parameters, namely availability (continuity of supply), voltage quality, and speed and accuracy of customer service. This paper will discuss the two main parameters mentioned, which are reliability and power quality. The increased usage of rooftop solar PV potentially improves the reliability of the system. With the increasing penetration of VRE in distribution systems, restoration of remote distribution feeder power in an emergency is likely to be carried out with the support of a rooftop PV. The available power from the renewable DG unit ensures the recovery of the more affected customers, increasing overall system reliability especially the SAIFI and CAIDI. This paper elucidates that the reliability distribution network has the potential to get improved with the power supply from the rooftop PV and vehicle to grid (V2G) mode of the PEV. However, the presence of rooftop PV and PEV in the distribution network also harms the voltage regulation, where during the day the voltage tends to fluctuate according to the power supply from the PV rooftop, and at night the voltage tends to decrease along with the charging mode of the PEV. In the case of a long-distance 20 kV distribution network with voltage drops at the end, the presence of PV could repair this problem, but the opposite happens in the presence of PEV. Some simulations were performed to analyze the impact of PV and PEV in a distribution network model, especially for the voltage regulation.