Energy storage systems for renewable energy sources

Currently, the electricity sector is seeking to increase the availability, reliability and security of electricity supply to consumers. Consequently, interest in the integration of renewable energy sources into the electricity grid as a strategy to counteract the problem of energy scarcity has increased significantly. However, the high instability of renewable energy sources (RES), in terms of electricity supply, combined with changes in energy consumption levels, makes the use of energy storage systems (ESS) necessary. Despite the stochastic nature of RES, interest in their operation continues to grow for environmental reasons. Therefore, this paper reviews in detail the status of different types of electricity storage technologies. The advantages and disadvantages of selected battery technologies are presented and the factors to be taken into account when selecting a suitable unit for energy storage in the power system are presented.