Model predictive controller based Virtual Synchronous Generator in a microgrid

A large penetration of Distributed Generation units leads to instability of the grid. The inertia of a system can be enhanced by incorporating virtual synchronous generator (VSG) in power grid. VSG design utilized in this paper employs swing equation of the synchronous machine to implement virtual inertia property. VSG has the advantage over typical synchronous generator as parameters of swing equation can be changed in real-time which improves the transient response of the system. VSG algorithm can be modified to provide adaptive swing equation parameters according to the disturbance on the grid side. A control strategy with Q-V droop and model predictive controller is proposed in this paper. A prototype of the system is studied with MPC and prediction is made about the potential performance of the variables over a time frame. Case studies are further done to experiment with the proposed methodology. The results obtained with this study demonstrations that the projected methodology provides improved frequency and voltage response as compared to conventional proportional-integral (PI) control. The proposed methodology also provides better voltage response in case of single-line to ground fault which further improves the transient response of the system.