Spectral and Energy Efficient Index Modulation Techniques For 5G Wireless Networks

Massive MIMO is a key and critical technology in 5G NR (New Radio) Wireless Networks. Massive MIMO, also known as Very Large-Scale MIMO, is an extension to MIMO Antenna Technology that employs hundreds (usually 400 to 500) antennas at the base station to improve Throughput and Spectral Efficiency. As the number of TX antennas grows, so does the number of radio-frequency (RF) chains at base stations (BSs), which increases power and energy consumption while also increasing hardware costs. The Spatial Modulation Concept is used to avoid the problem of a high number of RF chains in Massive MIMO. We concentrated on simulations for index modulation techniques such as Spatial Modulation (SM), Space Shift Keying (SSK), Generalized Spatial Modulation (GSM), Quadrature Spatial Modulation (QSM), and Quadrature Space Shift Keying (QSSK) in this proposed work. Also, the Monte Carlo Approach was used to produce the attainable rate and bit error rate graphs, as well as to obtain performance characteristics of various strategies.