Offshore Vulnerability and Sustainability Assessment Affected by Sea Breakwater Construction using Geomatics Engineering Technology

Breakwater is one type of infrastructure built to protect the shore from incoming waves and prevent the coastal erosion. However, the effectiveness of breakwater as the protective measures is still questionable. Over time, sand will accumulate towards a breakwater and the down drift sand tends to erode. This research is performed to assess the vulnerability of the near shore emphasizing on the components of slope percentage, sea level rise, geomorphology as well as wind speed and temperature of the CVI based on the three identified sampling zones of the three breakwaters’ localities and to identify the rank of vulnerability of the three specified sampling zones. The variables considered are beach geomorphology, beach slope, sea level rise and climatic conditions such as the wind speed, temperature and types of wave. The data collection for this research is obtained from different resources such as field study (in-situ) and survey, ancillary data from existing and previous research, as well as pre-existing data obtained from various agencies. Google Earth Pro is utilized to acquire samples of the beach profile and visual observation is used to determine the beach geomorphology. The usage of anemometer aids in the acquisition of temperature and wind speed data. The research conducted indicates that there are zones in Tok Jembal beach that is highly risked and prone to erosion despite the construction of breakwaters.