Design of a Concentration Measurement System For Volcanic Particulate Matters in Different Size Distribution

Particulate matters or PMs can be classified into different diameter sizes: ultrafine, fine, coarse, and total suspended particles. They are generated from many sources. One of them comes from volcanic activities. Thus, the objective of this study is to design a portable volcanic particulate matter concentration measurement system. This study used a Winsen dust sensor (model ZH03A) and a microcontroller (Arduino UNO). The system was tested in three different areas near Mt. Bromo (A1), Mt. Welirang (A2), and Mt. Panderman (A3) (East Java Province, Indonesia). PM concentrations were measured using the designed system consisting of a ZH03A sensor. The measured PMs had different particle size distributions: PM1 (0.3 - 1 μm) and PM2.5 (1-2.5 μm). According to the performance test results, the system has good linearity and accuracy for the volcanic particulate matter concentrations with diameters of 0.3 μm to 2.5 μm. The system has PM1 concentrations of 7 μg/m
³
, 3 μg/m
³
, and 5 μg/m
³
for A1 to A3. Meanwhile, PM2.5 measurement results have concentrations of 11 μg/m
³
, 6 μg/m
³
, and 7 μg/m
³
for A1, A2, and A3. The system works well in measuring all PM size distributions with a response time of fewer than two seconds. The system has a measurement accuracy of ±1 μg/m
³
for PM0.1, ±1 μg/m
³
for PM2.5 and range of 1 μg/m
³
to 1,000 μμg/m
³
, with a resolution of 1 g/m
³
.