Early Warning Detection System Architecture for COVID-19 via Wastewater

Internet of Things (IoT) platforms are desired for realizing an early warning system of COVID-19 detection. The key challenge is to provide solution including sensors to meet the application requirements. We manipulate the diarrhea symptom to assess the COVID-19 case where the virus indirectly can be detected in the wastewater. We proposed COVID-19 early warning detection system architecture from the wastewater comprises of five layers, namely perception layer, connectivity layer, middleware layer, application layer and business layer. Our architecture integrates IoT and machine learning (ML) components to build the total solution. Benefits on the stakeholders can be anticipated including the local authority and hospitals. Key challenges are also discussed in developing the COVID-19 early warning detection system based on the wastewater circumstances.