Active realization of series inductor and shunt capacitor and their applications in electronically tunable wave active filters

In this paper, wave equivalents of the series and shunt capacitors have been realized by using Voltage Differencing Current Conveyor (VDCC). The proposed VDCC based wave equivalent of the series inductor requires four active building blocks and nine grounded passive elements, whereas the designed shunt capacitor realization is based on only six active elements and eight grounded passive elements. The proposed wave equivalents of series inductor and shunt capacitor have been verified by realizing a Low pass and second order Band pass filter. The designed wave active filters exhibit electronically tunable behavior, which can be verified from the presented simulation results. For the simulation purpose, PSPICE environment with 0.18um CMOS technology has been employed.