Optimal Soft Open Points Operation and Distributed Generations Penetration in a Reconfigured Egyptian Distribution Network

Soft Open Points (SOPs) and distribution network reconfiguration (DNR) are recently promoted for distribution network optimization. In this work, a multi-stage optimization including DNR, SOPs, and distributed generations (DGs) for power loss minimization, load balancing, and improving voltage security, simultaneously. Case studies are performed on a real distribution network in Cairo called a 59-node distribution network. Results show the proposed optimization approach's effectiveness in minimizing the total power loss, the load balancing index, and the fast voltage stability index by greater than 38%, 27%, and 31%, respectively.