Highly-stable (< 3% fluctuation) Ag-based Threshold Switch with Extreme-low OFF Current of 0.1 pA, Extreme-high Selectivity of 109 and High Endurance of 109 Cycles

We demonstrate driving parameters to control the hybrid-filament (HF) in Ag-based threshold switching (TS) devices. To achieve statistically improved TS behavior, we engineer the nucleation energy barrier, shape of HF and steric repulsion force during TS-operation. Finally, we demonstrate TS with extremely low OFF current (0.1 pA), extremely high selectivity (> 10
⁹
) with stable threshold voltage (<; 3% fluctuation), high endurance (> 10
⁹
) with stable steep subthreshold slope ~ 1 mV/dec, and high device-yield in Ag based devices.