Optimizing Uploading Time and Energy Consumption in IoT 5G Networks

Nowadays, several research efforts have been done to investigate different approaches of enhancing performance of the uplink relay-based cellular communication framework, where data transfer is uploaded through client-to-client, all the way up to the cellular base-station. Those clients could be hand-sets, sensors, or devices working in the Internet of Things (IoT) communication environment. Recently in 5G communication networks, multi-hop uplinks and device-to-device (D2D) communications are of major research interest due to its nature of massive data exchange and delivery delay intolerance,. In D2D, data loads are uploaded towards the Base Station of the Cellular Network gNodeB (gNB) using different algorithms with different (and considerable amount of) computations' complexity. The complexity of these computations are a heavy burden over the limited capabilities of the backhaul and small User Equipment's (UEs), sensors, etc. Reducing the computation complexity of these algorithms will directly enhance the network performance and its energy efficiency overall. This work attempted to use Game theory techniques (mainly, graph-coalition-formation game) where it obtained enhanced results in 5G-standards D2D uplinks environment, this is due to employing relatively lower complexity approach to this problem. Reduction of computation complexity is introduced here through applying a preparatory stage of validating the active links of coalition members first via a proposed approach of finding all the possible links between them first, then, omitting the non-candidate members of the computations steps. Thus, applying graph coalition formation game calculations - as merge and split algorithm - consequently reduced the order of calculations' complexity. Results obtained outperforms the system performance in the network behavior, uploading time, and energy efficiency in comparison with previously published work.