OculusGraphy: Ocular Examination for Toxicity Evaluation Based on Biomedical Signals

The electrophysiological examination in ophthalmology is a non-invasive procedure based on the recording of electrical activity outside and inside the visual analyzer. Electrophysiological (EP) examination in ophthalmology is an indispensable method for an objective assessment of the functional state of the components of the visual analyzer based on biomedical signals analysis. There are methods such as optical coherence tomography that may objectively evaluate the structural and anatomical integrity of the retina. However, this method indirectly shows the functional activity of the eye. The undoubted advantage of EP is the ability to perform a functional topographic assessment of malfunctions of all visual analyzer systems. EP examination of the vision organ is represented by a variety of methods for recording the electrobiological activity of the cells of the visual analyzer, namely electroretinography, electrooculography, visual evoked potentials, and multifocal electroretinography. It should be noted that each test is aimed at a separate part of the eye functions, therefore, several methods may be used in research works on animal models. The limitation of EP is the complexity and many confounding factors that can affect the final result, ranging from stimulation parameters to the state of the patient himself. The main field of prospective use of EP is the differential diagnosis, preclinical toxicology, and scientific and experimental models in the meantime.