Model for optimal transition towards a fully electric public transportation system

In this paper, a comprehensive optimization model for decision support on public transportation system electrification is given. The basic assumption is that the transition is being governed centrally. This assumption together with a rather deterministic nature of the public transportation compared to a private enables a holistic approach in transition towards a fully electric system. The model comprises the following components: the electrification of the buses, the building of the charging stations and the electric grid reinforcement. These investment components are combined with the planned operating costs related to the cost of the energy used for charging and together yield a holistic model for transition planning.