Adsorption of Uranium by Magnetic Composite Materials

In recent years, with the development of the nuclear industry, the pollution of radioactive metals in our water bodies has become increasingly serious. Long-term radiation of radioactive materials in wastewater will not only cause humans, animals and plants and other organisms to cause cancer and thus constitute a life threat, but also exacerbate the damage to the ecological environment and food chain. Uranium is one of the main components in radioactive wastewater and is a natural radioactive element with a long half-life. Therefore, uranium-containing wastewater is low-level radioactive wastewater. In addition, the uranium-containing wastewater has complex components and many types, and contains a large amount of heavy metal radioactive elements such as uranium and radium, as well as other toxic and hazardous chemicals. Uranium in waste water mainly exists in two valence states U (v) and U (VI) and other metal compounds or oxides. U (IV) can form a stable complex with inorganic carbon and precipitate to be easily removed, but U (VI) usually exists in the form of uranium ions (UO22+) with better solubility and is not easy to remove. Magnetic materials can react in a certain way to the magnetic field. As an adsorbent material, the separation of uranium and waste liquid can be accelerated under the action of an external magnetic field. Due to the unique properties of magnetic particles such as magnetic responsiveness, chemical stability, and the formation of stable complexes with metal ions, it is also possible to graft different functional groups on the nanomaterials, thereby performing surface modification to make them functional magnetic materials, Used to remove other types of waste. This article comprehensively reviews the structural properties of different magnetic composite materials and their adsorption effects on heavy metal ions to provide research directions and new ideas for the adsorption of heavy metal ions on magnetic composite materials.