Analysis of Voltage and Power Factor Fluctuation due to Photovoltaic Generation in Distribution System Model

Integration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) to the system is aimed to reduce CO2 emissions and the needs of fossil fuels power plant in the future. In the last ten years, globally photovoltaic (PV) generation growth exponentially. This is because the trend of PV generation installation cost is decreasing and the cost of energy source is free of charge. In Indonesia, it's predicted the price of energy per kWhp generated by the PV system will reach the parity system by 2028. Mass usage of the rooftop PV system will speed up this process. The rapid growth of the PV generation will have a big impact on voltage regulation in distribution networks, especially at lower voltage levels due to more significant intermittent irradiance effects. The analysis was carried out using power system analysis software on a uniformly distributed distribution system model using real recorded consumers load and PV generation. The simulation will focus on the magnitude of voltage rise or voltage drop in the distribution system, where is described relative to the percentage of penetration and the installation location of PV. Several penetration scenarios are analyzed to get a comprehensive result on the voltage fluctuation magnitude by high, moderate, and low penetration level. There is more fluctuation value of power factor (PF) which is caused by higher penetration of rooftop PV. The installation of the PV generation close to the transformer gives better voltage fluctuation.