Use of VSC-HVDC links for power system restoration

This paper shows how a VSC-HVDC system can be profitably used as a black start unit to restart a thermal power plant, as well as to help it to follow the constrained power ramping up to its technical minimum. A frequency vs real power and voltage vs reactive power droop control is proposed for the receiving end converter of the link, including a Local Frequency Integrator function which enables the system to be easily reconnected with other units.