Retracted: Profitable Load Scheduling Scheme for Plugged in Hybrid Electric Vehicles BESs in Smart Grid

This paper consist on a study of battery exchange stations (BESs) based load scheduling scheme for plugged-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV’s) for load smoothing in smart grid, Each BES consists of many batteries therefore it can contribute to the demand side management (DSM) to even out higher load demands in peak hours, By employing this technique, the peak to average ratio (PAR) could be minimized in order to enhance DSM effectiveness. We proposed that a reduction in PAR, by following an incentive plan can encourage BESs to join this system. We proposed a game theoretical scheme to govern the load scheduling for each BES. It controls the load scheduling by conducting the minimum information exchange. The simulation results show that BES contributed effectively to DSM and smoothed the load profile; however, due to large PHEVs penetration the overall load on the grid is increased. Furthermore, the impact of fully charged batteries present at BESs on PAR is analyzed, and the effect of different charging port numbers on each BES and their impact on the overall amount of battery storage and PAR is also analyzed. The results of this study proved that our proposed game theoretical scheme can minimize the PAR practically.