Calculation and Analysis of Mechanical Characteristics of Transformer Windings Under Short-Circuit Condition

Accurate calculation of short-circuit (SC) dynamic characteristics of power transformer windings is of great significance to the safety of transformers. A 110 kV power transformer model is established, and SC electromagnetic characteristics and dynamic characteristics of the transformer windings are obtained through magnetic-structural coupling analysis by the finite-element method, considering the nonlinear mechanical characteristics of spacers. The distribution of leakage magnetic field and electromagnetic force (EF) and dynamic stress and displacement of windings are calculated due to SC fault. The SC EF of windings decreases exponentially with time. The axial EF of the disks at both ends of the winding is larger, while the radial EF is smaller, compared with that of central disks. The variation law of winding stress and displacement is similar to dynamic EF. The stress and displacement at both ends of the winding are larger while that in the middle part is smaller. The maximum stress and displacement of the end of windings are nearly 60% and 90% higher than that of the middle part, respectively. The axial displacement is the major part of the total displacement. The analysis method can provide a reference for checking the SC strength of the transformer.