Doping Effects on Kesterites Other than Alkalis

Regarding the study of doping in kesterite solar cells, these strategies have been typically limited to the use alkali elements. In this work, we present a complete study of selective cation-doping/substitution by introducing small amounts of several kesterite closely related elements, like Ag (Cu position), Si, Ge, In, and Pb (Sn position). This study provides valuable results and understanding of the effect of different dopants, which could be of great importance to modify material properties and further improve devices characteristics through their future optimization.