Modelling and Experimental Set-up of an Microgrid Based on Photovoltaic Car Parks

The development of microgrids improves the effective integration of Distributed Generation (DG), especially Renewable Energy Sources (RES). Due to the intermittency of electricity production from renewable energies such as solar or wind, Energy Storage System (ESS) is important to achieve higher flexibility and reliability of network. The massive development of smart grid should take into consideration the following issues such as modeling, monitoring and management. This paper presents the microgrid modelling which is used to manage it optimally. This microgrid consists of distributed generation, storage system, loads, communication and control system. The proposed microgrid management strategies to minimize operating cost are based on a Dynamic Programming (DP) algorithm. They are implemented with a load control scheduling for controllable loads such as the Electric Vehicle (EV) charging. The developed DP algorithm generates a two-days microgrid control scheduling to optimize an objective function. The control parameters are the battery power and the activation of the controllable loads considering their constraints. In the first part, we detail our experimental microgrid named “Rivesaltes-Grid”. In the second part, we focus on the models of the microgrid components: PV array, Lithium Battery, Electric Vehicle and Loads. In the third part, we present our first management strategies based on DP. Finally, we conclude and present the future perspectives.