Optimization of Low Carbon Urban Distribution Scheme with Charging Behavior

This paper introduces a vehicle routing problem with soft time windows and charging behavior (VPRTW&CB). A multi-objective algorithm approach is proposed to solve the problem, by which optimal delivery routes for electric vehicles are reached. In order to find the best delivery scheme, we analyze the impact of vehicle types and charging time on total costs, then obtain the optimal vehicle type and charging time. Next, the evaluation index is set up to compare the comprehensive competitiveness of diesel trucks and electric trucks with charging mode as well as battery swapping mode. The results show that in a distribution area with a radius of 60 km, electric trucks with a load of 1.8 tons and a maximum driving range of about 180 kilometers are the most economical. Electric trucks using charging mode are the most competitive because of their lower infrastructure costs and better emission reduction effects. The competitiveness of swapping-type electric trucks is second to that of charging-type electric trucks, which is mainly due to their higher infrastructure costs. In addition, the competitiveness of the diesel trucks is the lowest because of their poor performance in driving costs and emission reduction effects. Finally, we receive the optimized low carbon city distribution scheme.