Effects of partial shading in different PV module configurations with minimum interconnections

The Solar Photovoltaic systems have come to the fore as the best standby or a backup means to meet the advancing need of energy. However, the difference in temperature, radiation, partial shading conditions and so on, would cause a change in the energy yield. Consequently, the power derived from photovoltaic systems is much below the anticipated power. Among these elements, a major decrease in the power obtained from the solar photovoltaic systems occurs due to partial shading. To address this problem of partial shading losses, emerging due to permanent, easy-to-foresee and assured shading condition, interconnection techniques are used. The recommended interconnections are competent enough to minimize the effects of partial shading with lesser interconnections as compared to the other available basic configurations.