Topology optimization of microstrip antennas

Two topology optimization methods, namely material distribution and level-set methods, are used for optimization of microstrip antennas. By successive application of the two methods, the optimization process can take advantage of the powerful topology-searching ability of the material distribution method and the feature of generating structures with smooth and low-sensitivity boundaries of level-set method. This two-stage optimization scheme is used in the design of three microstrip antennas. All the antennas are fabricated and measured. Measured data show that all the antennas achieve desirable performances, as prescribed by objective functions, in reflection, polarization and beam pattern.