Zero consumption clark-type oxygen microsensor for cell culture monitoring

This paper reports on fabrication and characterization of a true Clark-type microsensor to monitor oxygen locally in cell culture. We were able to implement the Ross principle to achieve zero analyte consumption, as verified by reading the counter electrode potential. Chronoamperometric protocols were applied for the first time in miniaturized Clark-type arrangements resulting in superior sensor stability. The sensor was applied for oxygen measurements in tumor cell culture.