Implementation of an impedance bridge based on pulse-driven Josephson arrays for arbitrary impedance ratios and phase angles

In order to determine arbitrary impedance ratios, PTB implemented an impedance bridge based on pulse-driven Josephson arrays. The sine-waves generated by these arrays possess high spectral purity and quantum precise amplitudes. This new system allows to measure like impedance ratios (R:R or C:C) over a wide range and also to make quadrature measurements (ωRC = 1). The combination of this system with the ac quantum-Hall resistor will result in a universal and high precision impedance bridge.