Low cost 3D-printed monopole fluid antenna

Low cost 3D printed monopole fluid antenna is investigated. The PDMS container of the seawater is fabricated by 3D printing technology for reducing cost and complexity. The design parameters of the antenna have been studied for efficiency improvement. The achieved peak efficiency is about 70% at 2.75 GHz, and the impedance bandwidth is about 67%. Stable radiation patterns are demonstrated across the operating bandwidth. The radiation mechanism of the antenna has been explained.