Optimization of sensor deployment in WSN for precision irrigation using spatial arrangement of permanent crop

Precision irrigation is the best practice for efficient water management. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are widely used in environment monitoring especially in the precision irrigation. One of the fundamental issues of WSN is optimum senor deployment. Type of radio communication, number, and location of sensor deployment will have direct impact on the coverage, connectivity, cost and life of the sensors in WSN. This paper explores the problem of optimal WSN deployment by considering the unique way of spatial arrangement of the permanent crop during transplantation. Instead of conventional horizontal or linear row farming we propose the hexagonal pattern farming for the suitable permanent crops. This modified spatial arrangement will increase the coverage of the WSN without losing the specification of growing conditions. There is an improvement in total number of trees covered by 13 percentage in this method. Mathematical model is proposed, which justify the increase in coverage by using this modified spatial arrangement.