Wireless sensor networks with power management for low energy consumption

Sensor nodes usually have very limited resources in terms of computing capacity, storage data, transmission and onboard energy. These limitations motivate a large part of the research issues in the field of wireless sensor networks, especially the energy constraint. However, energy consumption is a major systems-design challenge. By focusing on energy optimization, the wireless sensor networks could reinvigorate their strengths and loose the constraints that limit their development. Therefore, the wireless sensor networks require a global manager (network level) to manage the activities of the node and to maximize the lifetime of the battery while reducing the consumption of energy. This paper offers an overview of the routing protocols and of power management techniques and specifies the characteristics of the energy manager at global and local system. It can also express complex energy-related goals and behaviors, leading to more effective unified management policies.